Every character on a computer is stored as a number (ASCII), and every number is stored in binary. Type your name to see it as the computer sees it.
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Every character has a code: 'A' = 65, 'a' = 97, '0' = 48. This is the ASCII standard, agreed in 1963 so computers could share text.
Each ASCII code is converted to an 8-bit binary number (0–255 fits in 8 bits). 'A' (65) becomes 01000001.
Each character uses 1 byte of storage in ASCII. Unicode can use 1–4 bytes per character to support 140,000+ characters from all the world's writing systems.